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Paper and layout

Spacing issues

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Aligning and centering instrument names

The horizontal alignment of instrument names is tweaked by changing the Staff.InstrumentName #'self-alignment-X property. The \layout variables indent and short-indent define the space in which the instrument names are aligned before the first and the following systems, respectively.

\paper {
  left-margin = 3\cm
}

\score {
  \new StaffGroup <<
    \new Staff {
      \override Staff.InstrumentName #'self-alignment-X = #LEFT
      \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \left-column {
        "Left aligned"
        "instrument name"
      }
      \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Left"
      c''1
      \break
      c''1
    }
    \new Staff {
      \override Staff.InstrumentName #'self-alignment-X = #CENTER
      \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \center-column {
        Centered
        "instrument name"
      }
      \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Centered"
      g'1
      g'1
    }
    \new Staff {
      \override Staff.InstrumentName #'self-alignment-X = #RIGHT
      \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \right-column {
        "Right aligned"
        "instrument name"
      }
      \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Right"
      e'1
      e'1
    }
  >>
  \layout {
    ragged-right = ##t
    indent = 4\cm
    short-indent = 2\cm
  }
}

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Book parts

\bookpart can be used to split a book into several parts. Each part last page can be affected by ragged-last-bottom. Header and footer markups can detect a part last page, and make the difference with the book last page.

#(set-default-paper-size "a6")

\book {
  %% book paper, which is inherited by all children bookparts
  \paper {
    ragged-last-bottom = ##t
    %% Page footer: add a different part-tagline at part last page
    oddFooterMarkup = \markup {
      \column {
        \fill-line {
          %% Copyright header field only on book first page.
          \on-the-fly #first-page \fromproperty #'header:copyright
        }
        \fill-line {
          %% Part tagline header field only on each part last page.
          \on-the-fly #part-last-page \fromproperty #'header:parttagline
        }
        \fill-line {
          %% Tagline header field only on book last page.
          \on-the-fly #last-page \fromproperty #'header:tagline
        }
      }
    }
  }

  %% book header, which is inherited by the first bookpart
  \header {
    title = "Book title"
    copyright = "Copyright line on book first page"
    parttagline = "Part tagline"
    tagline = "Book tagline"
  }

  \bookpart {
    %% a different page breaking function may be used on each part
    \paper { page-breaking = #ly:minimal-breaking }
    \header { subtitle = "First part" }
    \markup { The first book part }
    \markup { a page break }
    \pageBreak
    \markup { first part last page }
    \markup \wordwrap { with ragged-last-bottom (see the space below this text) }
  }

  \bookpart {
    \header { subtitle = "Second part" }
    { c'4 }
  }

}

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Changing the staff size

Though the simplest way to resize staves is to use #(set-global-staff-size xx), an individual staff’s size can be changed by scaling the properties 'staff-space and fontSize.

<<
  \new Staff {
    \relative c'' {
      \dynamicDown
      c8\ff c c c c c c c
    }
  }
  \new Staff \with {
    fontSize = #-3
    \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
  } {
    \clef bass
    c8 c c c c\f c c c
  }
>>

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Clip systems

This code shows how to clip (extract) snippets from a full score.

This file needs to be run separately with -dclip-systems; the snippets page may not adequately show the results.

The result will be files named ‘base-from-start-to-end[-count].eps’.

If system starts and ends are included, they include extents of the System grob, e.g., instrument names.

Grace notes at the end point of the region are not included.

Regions can span multiple systems. In this case, multiple EPS files are generated.

#(ly:set-option 'clip-systems)
#(define output-suffix "1")

origScore = \score {
  \relative c' {
    \set Staff.instrumentName = #"bla"
    c1
    d1
    \grace c16 e1
    \key d \major
    f1 \break
    \clef bass
    g,1
    fis1
  }
}

\book {
  \score {
    \origScore
    \layout {
      % Each clip-region is a (START . END) pair
      % where both are rhythmic-locations.

      % (make-rhythmic-locations BAR-NUMBER NUM DEN)
      % means NUM/DEN whole-notes into bar numbered BAR-NUMBER

      clip-regions = #(list
      (cons
       (make-rhythmic-location 2 0 1)
       (make-rhythmic-location 4 0 1))

      (cons
       (make-rhythmic-location 0 0 1)
       (make-rhythmic-location 4 0 1))

      (cons
       (make-rhythmic-location 0 0 1)
       (make-rhythmic-location 6 0 1))
      )
    }
  }
}

#(ly:set-option 'clip-systems #f)
#(define output-suffix #f)

\book {
  \score { \origScore }
  \markup { \bold \fontsize #6 clips }
  \score {
    \lyrics {
      \markup { from-2.0.1-to-4.0.1-clip.eps }
      \markup {
        \epsfile #X #30.0 #(format #f "~a-1-from-2.0.1-to-4.0.1-clip.eps"
                            (ly:parser-output-name parser)) }
    }
  }
}

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Creating blank staves

To create blank staves, generate empty measures then remove the Bar_number_engraver from the Score context, and the Time_signature_engraver, Clef_engraver and Bar_engraver from the Staff context.

#(set-global-staff-size 20)

\score {
  {
    \repeat unfold 12 { s1 \break }
  }
  \layout {
    indent = 0\in
    \context {
      \Staff
      \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
      \remove "Clef_engraver"
      \remove "Bar_engraver"
    }
    \context {
      \Score
      \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
    }
  }
}

\paper {
  #(set-paper-size "letter")
  ragged-last-bottom = ##f
  line-width = 7.5\in
  left-margin = 0.5\in
  bottom-margin = 0.25\in
  top-margin = 0.25\in
}

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Demonstrating all headers

All header fields with special meanings.

\header {
  copyright = "copyright"
  title = "title"
  subtitle = "subtitle"
  composer = "composer"
  arranger = "arranger"
  instrument = "instrument"
  metre = "metre"
  opus = "opus"
  piece = "piece"
  poet = "poet"
  texidoc = "All header fields with special meanings."
  copyright = "public domain"
  enteredby = "jcn"
  source = "urtext"
}

\layout {
  ragged-right = ##f
}

\score {
  \relative c'' { c1 | c | c | c }
}

\score {
   \relative c'' { c1 | c | c | c }
   \header {
     title = "localtitle"
     subtitle = "localsubtitle"
     composer = "localcomposer"
     arranger = "localarranger"
     instrument = "localinstrument"
     metre = "localmetre"
     opus = "localopus"
     piece = "localpiece"
     poet = "localpoet"
     copyright = "localcopyright"
   }
}

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Setting system separators

System separators can be inserted between systems. Any markup can be used, but \slashSeparator has been provided as a sensible default.

\paper {
  system-separator-markup = \slashSeparator
}

notes = \relative c' {
  c1 | c \break
  c1 | c \break
  c1 | c
}

\book {
  \score {
    \new GrandStaff <<
      \new Staff \notes
      \new Staff \notes
    >>
  }
}

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A table of contents is included using \markuplist \table-of-contents. The TOC items are added with the \tocItem command.

#(set-default-paper-size "a6")

\book {
  \markuplist \table-of-contents
  \pageBreak
  \tocItem \markup { The first score }
  \score {
    {
      c'1 \pageBreak
      \mark "A" \tocItem \markup { Mark A }
      d'1
    }
  }
  \pageBreak
  \tocItem \markup { The second score }
  \score {
    { e'1 }
    \header { piece = "Second score" }
  }
}

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