A.4 Vocal ensembles
A.4.1 SATB vocal score
Here is a standard four-part SATB vocal score. With larger ensembles,
it is often useful to include a section which is included in all parts.
For example, the time signature and key signature are almost always the
same for all parts. Like in the “Hymn” template, the four voices are
regrouped on only two staves.
global = {
\key c \major
\time 4/4
}
sopMusic = \relative c'' {
c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
hi hi hi hi
}
altoMusic = \relative c' {
e4 f d e
}
altoWords = \lyricmode {
ha ha ha ha
}
tenorMusic = \relative c' {
g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
hu hu hu hu
}
bassMusic = \relative c {
c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
ho ho ho ho
}
\score {
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Lyrics = "sopranos"
\new Staff = "women" <<
\new Voice = "sopranos" {
\voiceOne
<< \global \sopMusic >>
}
\new Voice = "altos" {
\voiceTwo
<< \global \altoMusic >>
}
>>
\new Lyrics = "altos"
\new Lyrics = "tenors"
\new Staff = "men" <<
\clef bass
\new Voice = "tenors" {
\voiceOne
<< \global \tenorMusic >>
}
\new Voice = "basses" {
\voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >>
}
>>
\new Lyrics = "basses"
\context Lyrics = "sopranos" \lyricsto "sopranos" \sopWords
\context Lyrics = "altos" \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords
\context Lyrics = "tenors" \lyricsto "tenors" \tenorWords
\context Lyrics = "basses" \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
>>
}
A.4.2 SATB vocal score and automatic piano reduction
This template adds an automatic piano reduction to the standard SATB
vocal score demonstrated in “Vocal ensemble template”. This
demonstrates one of the strengths of LilyPond – you can use a music
definition more than once. If any changes are made to the vocal notes
(say, tenorMusic
), then the changes will also apply to the piano
reduction.
global = {
\key c \major
\time 4/4
}
sopMusic = \relative c'' {
c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
hi hi hi hi
}
altoMusic = \relative c' {
e4 f d e
}
altoWords =\lyricmode {
ha ha ha ha
}
tenorMusic = \relative c' {
g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
hu hu hu hu
}
bassMusic = \relative c {
c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
ho ho ho ho
}
\score {
<<
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Lyrics = "sopranos"
\new Staff = "women" <<
\new Voice = "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
\new Voice = "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>>
\new Lyrics = "altos"
\new Lyrics = "tenors"
\new Staff = "men" <<
\clef bass
\new Voice = "tenors" { \voiceOne << \global \tenorMusic >> }
\new Voice = "basses" { \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >> }
>>
\new Lyrics = "basses"
\context Lyrics = "sopranos" \lyricsto "sopranos" \sopWords
\context Lyrics = "altos" \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords
\context Lyrics = "tenors" \lyricsto "tenors" \tenorWords
\context Lyrics = "basses" \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
>>
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff <<
\set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
\partcombine
<< \global \sopMusic >>
<< \global \altoMusic >>
>>
\new Staff <<
\clef bass
\set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
\partcombine
<< \global \tenorMusic >>
<< \global \bassMusic >>
>>
>>
>>
}
A.4.3 SATB with aligned contexts
This template is basically the same as the simple “Vocal ensemble”
template, with the exception that here all the lyrics lines are placed
using alignAboveContext
and alignBelowContext
.
global = {
\key c \major
\time 4/4
}
sopMusic = \relative c'' {
c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
hi hi hi hi
}
altoMusic = \relative c' {
e4 f d e
}
altoWords = \lyricmode {
ha ha ha ha
}
tenorMusic = \relative c' {
g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
hu hu hu hu
}
bassMusic = \relative c {
c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
ho ho ho ho
}
\score {
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Staff = "women" <<
\new Voice = "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
\new Voice = "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>>
\new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = #"women" } \lyricsto "sopranos" \sopWords
\new Lyrics \with { alignBelowContext = #"women" } \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords
% we could remove the line about this with the line below, since we want
% the alto lyrics to be below the alto Voice anyway.
% \new Lyrics \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords
\new Staff = "men" <<
\clef bass
\new Voice = "tenors" { \voiceOne << \global \tenorMusic >> }
\new Voice = "basses" { \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >> }
>>
\new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = #"men" } \lyricsto "tenors" \tenorWords
\new Lyrics \with { alignBelowContext = #"men" } \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
% again, we could replace the line above this with the line below.
% \new Lyrics \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
>>
}
A.4.4 SATB on four staves
SATB choir template (four staves)
global = {
\key c \major
\time 4/4
\dynamicUp
}
sopranonotes = \relative c'' {
c2 \p \< d c d \f
}
sopranowords = \lyricmode { do do do do }
altonotes = \relative c'' {
c2\p d c d
}
altowords = \lyricmode { re re re re }
tenornotes = {
\clef "G_8"
c2\mp d c d
}
tenorwords = \lyricmode { mi mi mi mi }
bassnotes = {
\clef bass
c2\mf d c d
}
basswords = \lyricmode { mi mi mi mi }
\score {
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Staff <<
\new Voice = "soprano" <<
\global
\sopranonotes
>>
\lyricsto "soprano" \new Lyrics \sopranowords
>>
\new Staff <<
\new Voice = "alto" <<
\global
\altonotes
>>
\lyricsto "alto" \new Lyrics \altowords
>>
\new Staff <<
\new Voice = "tenor" <<
\global
\tenornotes
>>
\lyricsto "tenor" \new Lyrics \tenorwords
>>
\new Staff <<
\new Voice = "bass" <<
\global
\bassnotes
>>
\lyricsto "bass" \new Lyrics \basswords
>>
>>
}
A.4.5 Solo verse and two-part refrain
This template creates a score which starts with a solo verse and
continues into a refrain for two voices. It also demonstrates the
use of spacer rests within the \global
variable to define
meter changes (and other elements common to all parts) throughout
the entire score.
global = {
\key g \major
% verse
\time 3/4
s2.*2
\break
% refrain
\time 2/4
s2*2
\bar "|."
}
SoloNotes = \relative g' {
\clef "treble"
% verse
g4 g g |
b4 b b |
% refrain
R2*2 |
}
SoloLyrics = \lyricmode {
One two three |
four five six |
}
SopranoNotes = \relative c'' {
\clef "treble"
% verse
R2.*2 |
% refrain
c4 c |
g4 g |
}
SopranoLyrics = \lyricmode {
la la |
la la |
}
BassNotes = \relative c {
\clef "bass"
% verse
R2.*2 |
% refrain
c4 e |
d4 d |
}
BassLyrics = \lyricmode {
dum dum |
dum dum |
}
\score {
<<
\new Voice = "SoloVoice" << \global \SoloNotes >>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "SoloVoice" \SoloLyrics
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Voice = "SopranoVoice" << \global \SopranoNotes >>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "SopranoVoice" \SopranoLyrics
\new Voice = "BassVoice" << \global \BassNotes >>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "BassVoice" \BassLyrics
>>
>>
\layout {
ragged-right = ##t
\context { \Staff
% these lines prevent empty staves from being printed
\RemoveEmptyStaves
\override VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t
}
}
}
A.4.6 Hymn tunes
This code shows one way of setting out a hymn tune when each line
starts and ends with a partial measure. It also shows how to add the
verses as stand-alone text under the music.
Timeline = {
\time 4/4
\tempo 4=96
\partial 2
s2 | s1 | s2 \breathe s2 | s1 | s2 \bar "||" \break
s2 | s1 | s2 \breathe s2 | s1 | s2 \bar "||"
}
SopranoMusic = \relative g' {
g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
}
AltoMusic = \relative c' {
d4 d | d d d d | d d d d | d d d d | d2
d4 d | d d d d | d d d d | d d d d | d2
}
TenorMusic = \relative a {
b4 b | b b b b | b b b b | b b b b | b2
b4 b | b b b b | b b b b | b b b b | b2
}
BassMusic = \relative g {
g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
}
global = {
\key g \major
}
\score { % Start score
<<
\new PianoStaff << % Start pianostaff
\new Staff << % Start Staff = RH
\global
\clef "treble"
\new Voice = "Soprano" << % Start Voice = "Soprano"
\Timeline
\voiceOne
\SopranoMusic
>> % End Voice = "Soprano"
\new Voice = "Alto" << % Start Voice = "Alto"
\Timeline
\voiceTwo
\AltoMusic
>> % End Voice = "Alto"
>> % End Staff = RH
\new Staff << % Start Staff = LH
\global
\clef "bass"
\new Voice = "Tenor" << % Start Voice = "Tenor"
\Timeline
\voiceOne
\TenorMusic
>> % End Voice = "Tenor"
\new Voice = "Bass" << % Start Voice = "Bass"
\Timeline
\voiceTwo
\BassMusic
>> % End Voice = "Bass"
>> % End Staff = LH
>> % End pianostaff
>>
} % End score
\markup {
\fill-line {
""
{
\column {
\left-align {
"This is line one of the first verse"
"This is line two of the same"
"And here's line three of the first verse"
"And the last line of the same"
}
}
}
""
}
}
\paper { % Start paper block
indent = 0 % don't indent first system
line-width = 130 % shorten line length to suit music
} % End paper block
A.4.7 Psalms
This template shows one way of setting out an Anglican psalm chant. It
also shows how the verses may be added as stand-alone text under the
music. The two verses are coded in different styles to demonstrate
more possibilities.
SopranoMusic = \relative g' {
g1 | c2 b | a1 | \bar "||"
a1 | d2 c | c b | c1 | \bar "||"
}
AltoMusic = \relative c' {
e1 | g2 g | f1 |
f1 | f2 e | d d | e1 |
}
TenorMusic = \relative a {
c1 | c2 c | c1 |
d1 | g,2 g | g g | g1 |
}
BassMusic = \relative c {
c1 | e2 e | f1 |
d1 | b2 c | g' g | c,1 |
}
global = {
\time 2/2
}
dot = \markup {
\raise #0.7 \musicglyph #"dots.dot"
}
tick = \markup {
\raise #1 \fontsize #-5 \musicglyph #"scripts.rvarcomma"
}
% Use markup to center the chant on the page
\markup {
\fill-line {
\score { % centered
<<
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Staff <<
\global
\clef "treble"
\new Voice = "Soprano" <<
\voiceOne
\SopranoMusic
>>
\new Voice = "Alto" <<
\voiceTwo
\AltoMusic
>>
>>
\new Staff <<
\clef "bass"
\global
\new Voice = "Tenor" <<
\voiceOne
\TenorMusic
>>
\new Voice = "Bass" <<
\voiceTwo
\BassMusic
>>
>>
>>
>>
\layout {
\context {
\Score
\override SpacingSpanner
#'base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1 2)
}
\context {
\Staff
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
}
}
} % End score
}
} % End markup
\markup {
\fill-line {
\column {
\left-align {
\null \null \null
\line {
\fontsize #5 O
\fontsize #3 come
let us \bold sing | unto \dot the | Lord : let
}
\line {
us heartily
\concat { re \bold joice }
in the | strength of | our
}
\line {
sal | vation.
}
\null
\line {
\hspace #2.5 8. Today if ye will hear his voice *
}
\line {
\concat { \bold hard en }
\tick not your \tick hearts : as in the pro-
}
\line {
vocation * and as in the \bold day of tempt- \tick
}
\line {
-ation \tick in the \tick wilderness.
}
}
}
}
}
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