A.4 Vokalensemble
A.4.1 SATB-Partitur
Dieses Beispiel ist für vierstimmigen Gesang (SATB). Bei größeren
Stücken ist es oft sinnvoll, eine allgemeine Variable zu bestimmen,
die in allen Stimmen eingefügt wird. Taktart und Vorzeichen etwa
sind fast immer gleich in allen Stimmen.
\paper {
top-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #10
score-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #20
system-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #20
last-bottom-spacing #'basic-distance = #10
}
global = {
\key c \major
\time 4/4
}
sopMusic = \relative c'' {
c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
hi hi hi hi
}
altoMusic = \relative c' {
e4 f d e
}
altoWords = \lyricmode {
ha ha ha ha
}
tenorMusic = \relative c' {
g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
hu hu hu hu
}
bassMusic = \relative c {
c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
ho ho ho ho
}
\score {
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Lyrics = "sopranos" \with {
% this is needed for lyrics above a staff
\override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
}
\new Staff = "women" <<
\new Voice = "sopranos" {
\voiceOne
<< \global \sopMusic >>
}
\new Voice = "altos" {
\voiceTwo
<< \global \altoMusic >>
}
>>
\new Lyrics = "altos"
\new Lyrics = "tenors" \with {
% this is needed for lyrics above a staff
\override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
}
\new Staff = "men" <<
\clef bass
\new Voice = "tenors" {
\voiceOne
<< \global \tenorMusic >>
}
\new Voice = "basses" {
\voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >>
}
>>
\new Lyrics = "basses"
\context Lyrics = "sopranos" \lyricsto "sopranos" \sopWords
\context Lyrics = "altos" \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords
\context Lyrics = "tenors" \lyricsto "tenors" \tenorWords
\context Lyrics = "basses" \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
>>
}
A.4.2 SATB-Partitur und automatischer Klavierauszug
In diesem Beispiel wird ein automatischer Klavierauszug zu der
Chorpartitur hinzugefügt. Das zeigt eine der Stärken von LilyPond
– man kann eine Variable mehr als einmal benutzen. Wenn Sie
irgendeine Änderung an einer Chorstimme vornehmen, (etwa
tenorMusic), verändert sich auch der Klavierauszug entsprechend.
\paper {
top-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #10
score-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #20
system-system-spacing #'basic-distance = #20
last-bottom-spacing #'basic-distance = #10
}
global = {
\key c \major
\time 4/4
}
sopMusic = \relative c'' {
c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
hi hi hi hi
}
altoMusic = \relative c' {
e4 f d e
}
altoWords =\lyricmode {
ha ha ha ha
}
tenorMusic = \relative c' {
g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
hu hu hu hu
}
bassMusic = \relative c {
c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
ho ho ho ho
}
\score {
<<
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Lyrics = "sopranos" \with {
% This is needed for lyrics above a staff
\override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
}
\new Staff = "women" <<
\new Voice = "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
\new Voice = "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>>
\new Lyrics = "altos"
\new Lyrics = "tenors" \with {
% This is needed for lyrics above a staff
\override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
}
\new Staff = "men" <<
\clef bass
\new Voice = "tenors" { \voiceOne << \global \tenorMusic >> }
\new Voice = "basses" { \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >> }
>>
\new Lyrics = "basses"
\context Lyrics = "sopranos" \lyricsto "sopranos" \sopWords
\context Lyrics = "altos" \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords
\context Lyrics = "tenors" \lyricsto "tenors" \tenorWords
\context Lyrics = "basses" \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
>>
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff <<
\set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
\partcombine
<< \global \sopMusic >>
<< \global \altoMusic >>
>>
\new Staff <<
\clef bass
\set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
\partcombine
<< \global \tenorMusic >>
<< \global \bassMusic >>
>>
>>
>>
}
A.4.3 SATB mit daran ausgerichteten Kontexten
In diesem Beispiel werden die Texte mit den Befehlen
alignAboveContext
und alignBelowContext
über und unter dem System angeordnet.
global = {
\key c \major
\time 4/4
}
sopMusic = \relative c'' {
c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
hi hi hi hi
}
altoMusic = \relative c' {
e4 f d e
}
altoWords = \lyricmode {
ha ha ha ha
}
tenorMusic = \relative c' {
g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
hu hu hu hu
}
bassMusic = \relative c {
c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
ho ho ho ho
}
\score {
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Staff = "women" <<
\new Voice = "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
\new Voice = "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>>
\new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = #"women" }
\lyricsto "sopranos" \sopWords
\new Lyrics \with { alignBelowContext = #"women" }
\lyricsto "altos" \altoWords
% we could remove the line about this with the line below, since
% we want the alto lyrics to be below the alto Voice anyway.
% \new Lyrics \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords
\new Staff = "men" <<
\clef bass
\new Voice = "tenors" { \voiceOne << \global \tenorMusic >> }
\new Voice = "basses" { \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >> }
>>
\new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = #"men" }
\lyricsto "tenors" \tenorWords
\new Lyrics \with { alignBelowContext = #"men" }
\lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
% again, we could replace the line above this with the line below.
% \new Lyrics \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords
>>
}
A.4.4 SATB auf vier Systemen
SATB-Chorvorlage auf vier Systemen
global = {
\key c \major
\time 4/4
\dynamicUp
}
sopranonotes = \relative c'' {
c2 \p \< d c d \f
}
sopranowords = \lyricmode { do do do do }
altonotes = \relative c'' {
c2\p d c d
}
altowords = \lyricmode { re re re re }
tenornotes = {
\clef "G_8"
c2\mp d c d
}
tenorwords = \lyricmode { mi mi mi mi }
bassnotes = {
\clef bass
c2\mf d c d
}
basswords = \lyricmode { mi mi mi mi }
\score {
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Staff <<
\new Voice = "soprano" <<
\global
\sopranonotes
>>
\lyricsto "soprano" \new Lyrics \sopranowords
>>
\new Staff <<
\new Voice = "alto" <<
\global
\altonotes
>>
\lyricsto "alto" \new Lyrics \altowords
>>
\new Staff <<
\new Voice = "tenor" <<
\global
\tenornotes
>>
\lyricsto "tenor" \new Lyrics \tenorwords
>>
\new Staff <<
\new Voice = "bass" <<
\global
\bassnotes
>>
\lyricsto "bass" \new Lyrics \basswords
>>
>>
}
A.4.5 Sologesang und zweistimmiger Refrain
Diese Vorlage erstellt eine Partitur, die mit Sologesang beginnt und einen
Refrain für zwei Stimmen enthält. Sie zeigt auch die Benutzung von
Platzhalter-Pausen innerhalb der \global
-Variable, um Taktwechsel
(und andere Elemente, die für alle Stimmen gleich sind) für das gesamte
Stück zu definieren.
global = {
\key g \major
% verse
\time 3/4
s2.*2
\break
% refrain
\time 2/4
s2*2
\bar "|."
}
SoloNotes = \relative g' {
\clef "treble"
% verse
g4 g g |
b4 b b |
% refrain
R2*2 |
}
SoloLyrics = \lyricmode {
One two three |
four five six |
}
SopranoNotes = \relative c'' {
\clef "treble"
% verse
R2.*2 |
% refrain
c4 c |
g4 g |
}
SopranoLyrics = \lyricmode {
la la |
la la |
}
BassNotes = \relative c {
\clef "bass"
% verse
R2.*2 |
% refrain
c4 e |
d4 d |
}
BassLyrics = \lyricmode {
dum dum |
dum dum |
}
\score {
<<
\new Voice = "SoloVoice" << \global \SoloNotes >>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "SoloVoice" \SoloLyrics
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Voice = "SopranoVoice" << \global \SopranoNotes >>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "SopranoVoice" \SopranoLyrics
\new Voice = "BassVoice" << \global \BassNotes >>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "BassVoice" \BassLyrics
>>
>>
\layout {
ragged-right = ##t
\context { \Staff
% these lines prevent empty staves from being printed
\RemoveEmptyStaves
\override VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t
}
}
}
A.4.6 Hymnen
Dieses Beispiel zeigt eine Möglichkeit, eine Hymnusmelodie zu setzen, in
der jede Zeiel mit einem Auftakt beginnt und einem unvollständigen
Takt abschließt. Es zeigt auch, wie man die Strophen als allein stehenden
Text unter die Noten hinzufügt.
Timeline = {
\time 4/4
\tempo 4=96
\partial 2
s2 | s1 | s2 \breathe s2 | s1 | s2 \bar "||" \break
s2 | s1 | s2 \breathe s2 | s1 | s2 \bar "||"
}
SopranoMusic = \relative g' {
g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
}
AltoMusic = \relative c' {
d4 d | d d d d | d d d d | d d d d | d2
d4 d | d d d d | d d d d | d d d d | d2
}
TenorMusic = \relative a {
b4 b | b b b b | b b b b | b b b b | b2
b4 b | b b b b | b b b b | b b b b | b2
}
BassMusic = \relative g {
g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
g4 g | g g g g | g g g g | g g g g | g2
}
global = {
\key g \major
}
\score { % Start score
<<
\new PianoStaff << % Start pianostaff
\new Staff << % Start Staff = RH
\global
\clef "treble"
\new Voice = "Soprano" << % Start Voice = "Soprano"
\Timeline
\voiceOne
\SopranoMusic
>> % End Voice = "Soprano"
\new Voice = "Alto" << % Start Voice = "Alto"
\Timeline
\voiceTwo
\AltoMusic
>> % End Voice = "Alto"
>> % End Staff = RH
\new Staff << % Start Staff = LH
\global
\clef "bass"
\new Voice = "Tenor" << % Start Voice = "Tenor"
\Timeline
\voiceOne
\TenorMusic
>> % End Voice = "Tenor"
\new Voice = "Bass" << % Start Voice = "Bass"
\Timeline
\voiceTwo
\BassMusic
>> % End Voice = "Bass"
>> % End Staff = LH
>> % End pianostaff
>>
} % End score
\markup {
\fill-line {
""
{
\column {
\left-align {
"This is line one of the first verse"
"This is line two of the same"
"And here's line three of the first verse"
"And the last line of the same"
}
}
}
""
}
}
\paper { % Start paper block
indent = 0 % don't indent first system
line-width = 130 % shorten line length to suit music
} % End paper block
A.4.7 Psalmengesang
Diese Vorlage zeigt eine Art, anglikanische Psalmengesänge zu setzen. Hier
wird auch gezeigt, wie Strophen als einfacher Text unter den Noten hinzugefügt
werden können. Zwei Strophen sind in unterschiedlicher Weise notiert um mehr
Möglichkeiten darzustellen.
SopranoMusic = \relative g' {
g1 | c2 b | a1 | \bar "||"
a1 | d2 c | c b | c1 | \bar "||"
}
AltoMusic = \relative c' {
e1 | g2 g | f1 |
f1 | f2 e | d d | e1 |
}
TenorMusic = \relative a {
c1 | c2 c | c1 |
d1 | g,2 g | g g | g1 |
}
BassMusic = \relative c {
c1 | e2 e | f1 |
d1 | b2 c | g' g | c,1 |
}
global = {
\time 2/2
}
dot = \markup {
\raise #0.7 \musicglyph #"dots.dot"
}
tick = \markup {
\raise #1 \fontsize #-5 \musicglyph #"scripts.rvarcomma"
}
% Use markup to center the chant on the page
\markup {
\fill-line {
\score { % centered
<<
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Staff <<
\global
\clef "treble"
\new Voice = "Soprano" <<
\voiceOne
\SopranoMusic
>>
\new Voice = "Alto" <<
\voiceTwo
\AltoMusic
>>
>>
\new Staff <<
\clef "bass"
\global
\new Voice = "Tenor" <<
\voiceOne
\TenorMusic
>>
\new Voice = "Bass" <<
\voiceTwo
\BassMusic
>>
>>
>>
>>
\layout {
\context {
\Score
\override SpacingSpanner
#'base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1 2)
}
\context {
\Staff
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
}
}
} % End score
}
} % End markup
\markup {
\fill-line {
\column {
\left-align {
\null \null \null
\line {
\fontsize #5 O
\fontsize #3 come
let us \bold sing | unto \dot the | Lord : let
}
\line {
us heartily
\concat { re \bold joice }
in the | strength of | our
}
\line {
sal | vation.
}
\null
\line {
\hspace #2.5 8. Today if ye will hear his voice *
}
\line {
\concat { \bold hard en }
\tick not your \tick hearts : as in the pro-
}
\line {
vocation * and as in the \bold day of tempt- \tick
}
\line {
-ation \tick in the \tick wilderness.
}
}
}
}
}
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